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The craft of highly decorative surface ornamentation of turned objects."> <title>Ornamental Turning Center - A Table of Dates By Warren G. 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Ogden Jr</SPAN> <BR> <SPAN class="content"><TABLE BORDER CELLSPACING=2 BORDERCOLOR="#008000" CELLPADDING=7 WIDTH=95%> <TR><TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP"> <P><B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2>Date</B></FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="91%" VALIGN="TOP"> <B><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>Event</B></FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>1792</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="91%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>John Jacob Holtzapffel, an Alsatian mechanic, settled in London and founded the tool business traded as John Holtzapffel.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>1795</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="91%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>The first "Holtzapffel" Lathe delivered to Mr. Crisp on 31st June.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>1803</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="91%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>358 Lathes had been sold by the end of December.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>1804</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="91%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>John George Deyerlein joined the firm.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>1827</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="91%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>Charles Holtzapffel, the son, was just 21 and became associated with the firm at this time. Mr. Deyerlein left the firm; it had not been a particularly happy partnership.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>1835</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="91%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>The founder, J.J. Holtzapffel died.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>1843</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="91%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>Charles Holtzapffel's volume I was published.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>1846</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="91%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>Charles Holtzapffel's volume 2 was published.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>1847</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="91%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>Charles died and his widow Amelia Vaux (Dutton) Holtzapffel took over the management of the firm until January 1853.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>1850</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="91%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>Volume 3 of Turning and Mechanical Manipulation was published by Amelia from Charles' manuscripts. </FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>1867</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="91%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>Charles' son, John Jacob Holtzapffel (the second) became head of the firm. 1879 John Jacob Holtzapffel continued his father's efforts and published volume 4.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>1884</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="91%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>John Jacob Holtzapffel published volume 5.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>1894</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="91%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>John Jacob Holtzapffel published a revised and enlarged volume lil of his father's work.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>1896</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="91%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>J.J. Holtzapffel's nephew, George William Budd, later known as George William Holtzapffel (in October 1897) became head of the firm.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>1897</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="91%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>The second J.J. Holtzapffel died at Eastbourne on 14th October.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>1919</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="91%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>Colonel John George Holtzapffel Budd, the son of G.W.H. Budd, took an active part in running the firm.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>1948</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="91%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2><P>Society of Ornamental Turners inaugurated on 23rd October.</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=2> <P>John Jacob Holtzapffel was born on 20th September 1768, just sixty-seven years after the printer had put the finishing hand to Reverend Pere Charles Plumier's L'Art de Tourner, at Lyon, the earliest known work devoted exclusively to the art of turning.</P> <P>Perhaps fate decided at this time that sixty-seven years would be the life span of the infant Holtzapffel Henry Maudslay would not be born in Woolwich for another three years. The Alsatian mechanic and the young blacksmith were to spend their entire careers in London during their working lives. The mechanic outlived the blacksmith by four years.</P> <P>John Jacob Holtzapffel started in business for himself in the year 1794 at 118 Long Acre, and on 31st June 1795 delivered his first lathe to a customer, Mr. Crisp, for the sum of £25.15.0. Bramah's curt refusal to consider an increase in Henry Maudslay's salary of 30s. per week decided Maudslay to start in business on his own account, which he did in 1797 in Wells Street, off Oxford Street.</P> <P>In the middle of February 1797 John Jacob Holtzapffel delivered his sixteenth lathe, his first Rose Engine, to a Mr. Jonter. The cost entered in the job book seems to be £36.19.0, but this can not possibly be correct. In my considered opinion the cost was possibly £336.19.0. Later Rose Engines cost £367.0.0. on the average, for the bare machine, no apparatus included.</P> <P>John Jacob Holtzapffel delivered his second lathe to Dr. Eimble on 20th December 1795. This was his first "screw mandrel lathe", that is to say a traversing mandrel, one might say "screwing the mandrel and the screw blank (or work) past a stationary threading tool bit held in the slide rest." At the completion of each pass, the direction of rotation is reversed (the tool bit having been retracted) and then the cutting is repeated, a few thousandths of an inch deeper, and so forth.</P> <P>The earliest known drawing of such a traversing mandrel, screw cutting lathe is to be found in a mediaeval house-keeping manuscript of the period 1480 in South Germany, in possession of the family van Waldburg-Wolfegg, (Wurttemberg). Helmuth Theodor Bossert and Willy F. Storck made up a facsimile reproduction in Leipzig in 1912. In the Holtzapffel arrangement a cap at the end of the mandrel is removed and replaced by a shorter screw guide, or master, of the desired pitch of thread. The screw guide is engaged by a conducting piece (or half-nut) below.</P> <P>Possibly a year and a half later, sometime in 1797, Henry Maudslay built his classic screw cutting lathe with inter-changeable lead screws and, also, change gears according to some historians. But, if one could change the pitch of the lead screw, the gear trains only function was to connect the lead screw with the mandrel. It might have occurred to Maudslay, later, that the gear train might be altered to cut a new lead screw of a different pitch and perhaps this was the secondary purpose of the gear train remember that Maudslay had also constructed, about the same time (c.1800) a machine for originating screw threads of any length and pitch of thread, such as a lead screw for his lathe.</P> <P>&nbsp;</P></FONT> <BR> <A HREF="#top"><IMG SRC="../images/topblack.gif" align="right" valign="bottom"></A> </FONT></SPAN> </TD></TR> <TR> <!--Footer start--> <TD colspan=2> <SPAN CLASS="footnote"> &#169; 1995-2011 Steve Johnson. All rights reserved on all pages in this web site. Please send questions or bug reports about this site to <A HREF="mailto:admin@turners.org"><FONT COLOR="GRAY" SIZE="-1">admin@turners.org</FONT></A>.</SPAN> </TD></TR></TABLE> </body> </html>